Bipolar disorder causes extreme changes in mood, thought, energy and behavior. It is also known as manic depression because a person’s mood can alternate between the “poles” of mania (highs) and depression (lows). These “mood swings” can last for hours, days, weeks or months.
It usually begins in late adolescence, although it can start in early childhood or later in life. This illness is found among all genders, ages, races, ethnic groups, and social classes. It is also tends to run in families and appears to have a genetic link.
Bipolar disorder differs significantly from clinical depression, although the symptoms for the depressive phase are similar. Most people who have bipolar disorder experience “highs” and “lows,” however the severity of the mood swings and the way they disrupt normal life activities distinguish bipolar mood episodes from ordinary mood changes.
Symptoms of mania (“the highs”):
- Heightened mood, exaggerated optimism and self-confidence
- Excessive irritability, aggressive behavior
- Decreased need for sleep without experiencing fatigue
- Racing speech, racing thoughts, flight of ideas
- Impulsiveness, poor judgment, easily distracted
- In the most severe cases, delusions and hallucinations
Symptoms of depression (“the lows”):
- Prolonged sadness or unexplained crying spells
- Significant changes in appetite and sleep patterns
- Worry, agitation, anxiety
- Pessimism, indifference
- Loss of energy
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness
- Inability to concentrate, indecisiveness
- Unexplained aches and pains
The “lows” are sometimes referred to as “bipolar depression” and experience bipolar depression (the lows) more often than mania. It is also more likely to be accompanied by disability and suicidal thinking. Most people get professional help during these periods. In fact, most people with bipolar disorder in the outpatient setting are initially diagnosed with major depression.
Bipolar disorder can be treated, however it’s a long-term condition that needs ongoing care. Treatment may include support groups, medication, talk therapy, or other strategies that you and your health care provider may want to try. The right treatment is the one that works best for you.